7   REFERENCES

Anonymous, 1998: Denmark's offshore ambitions rise. Wind Directions, XVII(2).

Baltic Energy Conservation Agency: (http://www.bape.com.pl).

Barthelmie, R.J., 1999a: A brief review of offshore wind energy activity in the 1990s. Wind Engineering, 1998, 22(6), 265-274.

Barthelmie, R.J., 1999b: The effects of atmospheric stability on coastal wind climates. Meteorological Applications, 6(1), 39-48.

Barthelmie, R.J., 1999c: The wind resource at Middelgrunden. Risoe-I-1334, Ris National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark.

Barthelmie, R.J., Courtney, M., Lange, B., Nielsen, M., Sempreviva, A., M., Svenson, J., Olsen, F. and Christensen, T., 1998: Offshore wind resources at Danish measurement sites. Risoe-I-1339 (EN), Risoe National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark.

Barthelmie, R.J., Courtney, M., Lange, B., Nielsen, M., Sempreviva, A., M., Svenson, J., Olsen, F. and Christensen, T., 1999a: Offshore wind resources at Danish measurement sites, Proceedings of the 1999 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition. James and James Scientific Publishers Ltd, Nice, pp. 1101-1104.

Barthelmie, R.J., Courtney, M.S., Hjstrup, J. and Larsen, S.E., 1996a: Meteorological aspects of offshore wind energy - observations from the Vindeby wind farm. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 62(2-3), 191-211.

Barthelmie, R.J., Courtney, M.S., Hjstrup, J. and Sanderhoff, P., 1993: Monitoring at Vindeby: Preliminary Results. (In: Proceedings of the British Wind Energy Association 15th Annual Conference.).

Barthelmie, R.J., Courtney, M.S., Hjstrup, J. and Sanderhoff, P., 1994: The Vindeby Project: a description. Ris-R-741(EN), Ris National Laboratory, Denmark.

Barthelmie, R.J., Grisogono, B. and Pryor, S.C., 1996b: Observations and simulations of diurnal cycles of near-surface wind speeds over land and sea. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres), 101(D16), 21,327-21,337.

Barthelmie, R.J., Hjstrup, J. and Courtney, M.S., 1995: Assessment of the wind power resource in the coastal zone using results from the Vindeby project. In: J.A. Halliday (Editor), Proceedings of the 17th British Wind Energy Association Conference. Mechanical Engineering Publications Limited, University of Warwick, UK, pp. 231-236.

Barthelmie, R.J., Lange, B. and Nielsen, M., 1999b: Wind resources at Rdsand and Om Stlgrunde. Ris-I-1456(EN), Ris National Laboratory, Roskilde.

Barthelmie, R.J., Lange, B., Sempreviva, A.M.S. and Rathmann, O., 1999c: Application of WAsP to offshore wind power prediction, Proceedings of the 21st British Wind Energy Association Conference. Professional Engineering Publications, Cambridge, September 1999, pp. 301-310.

Barthelmie, R.J., Larsen, G., Bergstrm, H. et al., 2001: EfficieNt Development of Offshore Windfarms: a new project for investigating wake and boundary-layer interactions., 2001 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Copenhagen, July 2001.

Border Wind, 1998a: Offshore wind energy - building a new industry for Britain, Report to Greenpeace.

Border Wind, 1998b: Offshore wind energy: Building a new industry for Britain, Greenpeace.

BWEA 2001, www.bwea.org.

BWEA, 2000: Propects for offshore wind energy, Report to the EU Alterner Contract XVII/4.1030/Z/98-395), London.

CADDET, 1996: Denmark's second offshore wind farm. CADDET, June 1996.

Carnegie, Vestas Company Report. 8 December 2000, Carnegie.

Cleijne, J.W., Coelingh, J.P. and Van Wijk, A.J.M., 1991: Description of the North Sea wind climate for offshore wind energy applications. TNO Report Ref No 91-327, TNO, Appeldoorn, Netherlands.

Cockerill, T.T., Harrison, R., Kuhn, M. and al., e., 1998: Opti-OWECS Final Report Volume 3: Comparison of offshore wind energy at european eites., Technical University of Delft.

Coelingh, J.P., van Wijk, A.J.M. and Holtslag, A.A.M., 1996: Analysis of wind speed observations over the North Sea. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 61, 51.

Coelingh, J.P., van Wijk, A.J.M. and Holtslag, A.A.M., 1998: Analysis of wind speed observations over the North Sea coast. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 73, 125-144.

Crespo, A., Hernandez, J. and Frandsen, S., 1999: Survey and modelling methods for wind turbine wakes and wind farms. Wind Energy, 2, 1-24.

DEA/CADDET, 2000: Electricity from offshore wind. Danish Energy Agency and IEA CADDET Renewable Energy Programme, ETSU, Harwell UK.

Donelan, M.A., Dobson, F.W., Smith, S.D. and Anderson, R.J., 1993: On the dependence of sea surface roughness on wave development. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 23(9), 2143-2149.

Dyre, K., 1990: The first offshore wind farm in the Danish wind power programme., 1990 European Community Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Madrid.

Dyre, K., 1992: Vindeby off-shore wind farm - the first experiences. In: P.H. Madsen and P. Lundsager (Editors), 'The Potential of Wind Farms', EWEA Special Topic Conference '92, September 1992., Herning, Denmark, pp. Paper B7.

EC BREC: (http://www.ibmer.waw.pl/ecbrec).

ECN, 1999: Dutch Offshore Wind Energy Converter (DOWEC), http://www.ecn.nl/unit_de/ wind/dowec/.

Elektrownie Wiatrowe S.A. (http://www.elektrownie-wiatrowe.org.pl).

Energistyrelsen, 1997: Havmlle-Handlingsplan for de Danske Farvande, Energistyrelsen, Copenhagen, DK.

Environment News Service, 2000: European Union to double renewable energy, Environment News Service, London, pp. May 10 2000.

Fioravanti, M., 1999: Wind power versus plutonium: an examination of wind energy potential and a comparison of offshore wind energy to plutonium use in Japan,, Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Takoma Park, Maryland.

Fletcher, I., 2001: Technology status report offshore wind energy, ETSU, Harwell.

Frandsen S. (editor), Chacon, L., Crespo, A., Enevoldsen, P., Gomez-Elvira, R., Hernandez, J., Hjstrup, J., Manuel, F., Thomsen, K. and Srensen, P., 1996: Measurements on and modelling of offshore wind farms. Ris-R-903(EN), Ris National Laboratory, Denmark.

Gardner, P., Craig, L.M. and Smith, G.J., 1998: Electrical systems for offshore wind farms. In: S. Powles (Editor), Wind Energy 1998: Proceedings of the twentieth British Wind Energy Association Conference. Professional Engineering Publishing, Cardiff, pp. 309-317.

Gaudiosi, G., 1999: Offshore wind energy prospects. Renewable Energy, 16, 828-834.

Giebel, G., 2001: On the benefits of distributed generation of wind energy in Europe, Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, Roskilde, 106 pp.

Goodall, N., 2001: Prospects ffor offshore wind energy, OWEMES 2000. ATENA/ENEA, Siracusa, pp. 327-359.

Grainger, W. and Jenkins, N., 1998: Offshore windfarm electrical connection options. In: S. Powles (Editor), WInd Energy 1998: Proceedings of the twentieth British Wind Energy Association Conference. Professional Engineering Publishing, Cardiff, pp. 319-324.

Greenpeace, 2000: North Sea Offshore Wind - a powerhouse for Europe, Greenpeace, Hamburg.

Halliday, J., Watson, G., Palutikof, J., Holt, T., Barthelmie, R.J., Coelingh, J., Folkerts, L., van Zuylen, E. and Cleijne, J., 2001: POWER - A methodology for predicting offshore wind energy resources, 2001 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Copenhagen, July 2001.

Hartnell, G. and Milborrow, D., 2000: Propects for offshore wind energy, BWEA Report to the EU Alterner Contract XVII/4.1030/Z/98-395), London.

Henderson, A., 2000: Analysis tools for large floating offshore wind farms.

Hjstrup, J., Barthelmie, R.J. and Courtney, M.S., 1994: Preliminary results of offshore meteorological monitoring at the Vindeby windfarm., OWEMES.

Hjstrup, J., Lange, B., Barthelmie, R.J., Pedersen, A.M.J., Olsen, F.A. and Svenson, J., 1997: Offshore wind resources at selected Danish sites, Ris National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark.

Hutting, H.K. and Cleijne, J.W., 1999: The price of large scale offshore wind energy in a free electricity market, Proceedings of the 1999 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Nice.

International Energy Agency, 2001: IEA wind energy annual report 2000, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado.

Jessian, S. and Larsen, J., 1999: Offshore wind farm at the bank Middelgrunden near Copenhagen Harbour, Proceedings of the 1999 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Nice.

Johnson, H.K., Hjstrup, J., Vested, J. and Larsen, S.E., 1997: On the dependence of sea surface roughness on wind waves. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 28, 1702-1716.

Kelter-Wesenberg, C. and Stiesdal, H., 1997: The world's first offshore wind farm - a manufacturers experience, Proceedings of Offshore Wind Energy in Mediterranean and other European Seas. ATEANA/ENEA, Sardinia.

Knight, S., 1995: Heading offshore. Windpower Monthly, January, 46-47.

Krohn, S., 1998: Offshore wind energy: full speed ahead. CADDET, December, 16-18.

Kuhn, M., 2001: Dynamics and design optimisation of offshore wind energy conversion systems. Ph.D. Thesis, 282 pp.

Kuhn, M., Bierbooms, W., van Bussel, G., Cockerill, T., Harrison, R., Ferguson, M., Goransseon, B., Harland, L., Vugts, J. and Wiecherink, R., 1999: Towards a mature offshore wind energy technology- guidelines from the Opti-OWECS project. Wind Energy, 2, 25-58.

Kuhn, M., Bierbooms, W.A.A.M., van Bussel, G.J.W., Ferguson, M.C., Gransson, B., Cockerill, T.T., Harrison, R., Harland, L.A., Vugts, J.H. and Wiecherink, R., 1998: Structural and economic optimization of bottom-mounted offshore wind energy converters. JOR3-CT95-0087 (Five vols. plus summary), Institute for Wind Energy, Delft University of Technology, Delft.

Landberg, L., 1993: Short-term prediction of local wind conditions., Denmark, 143 pp.

Landberg, L., 1998: Short-term prediction of the power production from wind farms. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 80, 207-220.

Lange, B., Aagard, E., Andersen, P.E., Mller, A., Niklassen, S. and Wickman, A., 1999: Offshore wind farm Bockstigen - installation and operation experience, Proceedings of the 1999 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Nice, March 1999.

Larssen, A.K., 1994: The environmental impact from an offshore plant, Offshore Wind Energy in Mediterranean and other European Seas (OWEMES). ATENA/INSEAN, Rome.

Larsen, J. and Srensen, H. C. (2001): The worlds largest off-shore windfarm, Middelgrunden 40 MW, World Sustainable Energy Day 2001, Wels, Austria, 8pp.

Madsen, B.T., 1997: 4000 MW of offshore wind power by 2030. Windstats Newsletter, 10, 1-3.

Madsen, P.S., 1996: Tunoe Knob offshore wind farm, 1996 European Wind Energy Conference. H.S. Stephens and Associates, Goteborg, pp. 4-7.

Magnusson, M., Rados, K.G. and Voutsinas, S.G., 1996: A study of the flow down stream of a wind turbine using measurements and simulations. Wind Engineering, 20(2), 389-403.

Manwell, J.F., Rogers, A. and McGowan, J., 2001: Assessment of the Massachusetts offshore wind energy resource, European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, Copenhagen.

Matthies, H.G. and Garrad, A., 1993: Study of offshore wind energy in the EC. JOULE 1 (JOUR 0072) Report to the European Commission, Germanischer Lloyd, Hamburg.

Midkraft, 1995: Tun Knob offshore wind farm, Midkraft I/S, Aarhus.

Moore, D.J., 1982: 10 to 100m winds calculated from 900mb wind data., Fourth B.W.E.A. Workshop. BHRA Fluid Engineering, Cranfield, UK., pp. 197-205.

Mortensen, N.G., Landberg, L. and Petersen, E.L., 1994: Offshore vindressourcer i Danmark - pilotprojekt. Risoe-I-767 (DA), Risoe National Laboratory, Roskilde.

Nagai, H. and Ushiyama, I., 2000: Feasibility stuy of offshore wind power generation in Japan, OWEMES 2000. ATENA/ENEA, Siciliy, pp. 73-85.

Neckelmann, S. and Petersen, J., 2000: Evaluation of the stand alone wind and wave measurement systems for the Horns Rev 150 MW offshore wind farm in Denmark, OWEMES 2000. ATENA, Rome, Sicily, pp. 17-27.

Olsen, F. and Dyre, F., 1993: Vindeby offshore wind farm - construction and operation., BWEA/DTI Joint Seminar on Offshore Wind Energy, June 29 1993, Harwell.

Olsen, F. and Rasmussen, R., 1994: Experience from the construction and operation of Vindeby wind farm, OWEMES 1994. ATENA, Rome, Rome, pp. 10 pp.

Pedersen, T., 1998: Offshore wind power - the operational aspects. In: S. Powles (Editor), WInd Energy 1998: Proceedings of the twentieth British Wind Energy Association Conference. Professional Engineering Publishing, Cardiff, pp. 277-283.

Ragusa, P.R.d., 1998: Impianto eolico offshore. Delibera CIPE 09.07.98 N.70, Previnca Regionale di Ragusa, Ragusa.

Renewable Energy World, 2000: Going to sea: offshore plans - an overview of plans for large scale wind farms in Europe. Renewable Energy World, Jan-Feb 2000.

Schmidt, T., 2001: Wind auf dem Wasser. VDI nachrichten, 20(18 May 2001), 3.

Smedman, A.S., Hogstrom, U. and Bergstrom, H., 1996: Low level jets - a decisive factor for off-shore wind energy siting in the Baltic Sea. Wind Engineering, 20(3), 137-147.

Smedman, A.-S., Bergstrom, H. and Grisogono, B., 1997: Evolution of stable internal boundary layers over a cold sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(C1), 1091-1099.

Svenson, J. and Olsen, F., 1999: Cost optimising of large scale offshore wind farms in the Danish waters, Proceedings of the 1999 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Nice.

Srensen, H. C. et al. 2000: Middelgrunden 40 MW offshore wind farm, a prestudy for the Danish offshore 750 MW wind program, Proceedings ISOPE 2000 Conference Seattle (2000) 584-591.

Srensen, H. C. et al. 2001: Experience from the establishment of the Middelgrunden 40 MW offshore wind farm, Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference, Copenhagen, 4pp.

van de Sande, A.M.C., 1997: Windfarm 'Lely' - first offshore project in the Netherlands, Proceedings of Offshore Wind Energy in Mediterranean and other European Seas. ATEANA/ENEA, Sardinia.

Van Wijk, A.J.M., Beljaars, A.C.M., Holtslag, A.A.M. and Turkenburg, W.C., 1990: Evaluation of stability corrections in wind speed profiles over the North Sea. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 33, 551-566.

van Zanten, W., 1996: Lely wind farm. CADDET Newsletter, September 1996.

Watson, G., 1999: Research requirements workshop: OWEN, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, pp. pp. 20.

White, P.A., 1983: Offshore wind energy resource around the United Kingdom. ETSU-WN-0561/2, Met. Office, Bracknell, UK.

Whittaker T.J.T. et al., Islay Gulley Shoreline Wave Energy Device Phase 2: Device Construction and Monitoring. ETSU WV1680, ETSU.

Wind Developments, 1999: Offshore wind: the technical challenge. Wind Directions, September 1999, 20-22.

Wizelius, T., 2000: Stora planer for vindkraft till havs. Energimagasinet, 4.

 

 

8  ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SOURCES

Web sites

 

ATLAS (R&D Needs for renewable ; DG XVII) : http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg17/atlas/htmlu/windint.html

----------------

Prospect for Offshore Wind Energy (Altener project, PDF file download) :

http://www.britishwindenergy.co.uk/offshore/index.html

---------------

Wind Force 10 (data on employment, avoided pollution for offshore/onshore wind, PDF file download) :

http://www.inforse.dk/projects_pro.php3?id=9

--------------

Greenpeace Germany (see in the Wind section of the page : report on North Sea Offshore Wind, PDF download) : http://www.greenpeace.de/GP_DOK_3P/THEMEN/C04UB01.HTM

-------------

OWEN site (UK, number of reports, articles, downloads)

http://www.owen.eru.rl.ac.uk/

-------------

ETSU study on offshore impacts (see et the end the page documents to download) :

http://www.dti.gov.uk/renewable/pdf.html

-------------

List of approved projects in FP5 (EC, with offshore projects involving GHP, GL,…)

http://dbs.cordis.lu/fep-cgi/srchidadb?CALLER=PROJ_FP5&QM_EP_PGA_D=EESD&QZM_ACZ=&USR_SORT=EP_PGA_A+CHAR+ASC

Projects and References for on/off-shore wind energy

 

Projects

MORE CARE - MORE ADVANCED CONTROL ADVICE FOR SECURE OPERATION OF ISOLATED POWER SYSTEMS WITH INCREASED RENEWABLE ENERGY PENETRATION AND STORAGE (Contract number 1999/C 77/13).

 

Zephyr-project: Implementing short term prediction at utilities. (joint project of Risoe and IMM (Institute for Mathematical Modelling at the Danish Technical University, RAL 9UK), ELSAM/ELKRAFT, WECTEC (USA), E. David Consult (USA), OEM (USA), EU JOULER funded project JOR3-CT95-0008)

 

HIPOCAS: Hindcast of Dynamic Processes of the Ocean and Coastal Areas of Europe

(Contract number EVK2-1999-00248). The objective of the project is to obtain a wind, wave, sea-level and current climatology for European Waters and coastal seas for application in coastal and environmental decision processes.

 

Coming Projects

ANEMONE: A NEW GENERATION MODEL COMPLEX FOR WIND Energy Forecasting. A Joint project of SERG (UCC Ireland), IMM (DTU, Denmark), DMI (Denmark), CIEMAT (Spain), University of Oldenburg (Germany), Risoe (Denmark).

 

Other international projects can be found in the IEA Report (see below).

 

Publications dealing with onshore and offshore wind energy

 

Reports:

Wind Forecasting Techniques , 33 Meeting of Experts, Technical Report from the International Energy Agency, R&D Wind, Ed. S.-E. Thor, FFA, Sweden, 77-85, July (2000).

 

European Wind Energy Conference Wind Energy for the nect Millenium. Proceedings of the European Wind enery Conference, Nice, France, march 1999. Edited by Petersen, E.L., Jensen, P.H., Rave, K., Helm, P., Ehmann, H. ISBN 190291600, Printed in the UK by Asntony Lowe Ltd., 1999.

 

European Wind Energy. Proceedings of the European Wind enery Conference, Dublin, Ireland, October 1997, Ed. R. Watson, Published by the Irish Wind Energy Association. ISBN 09533922 0 1, 1998.

 

Srensen, P.; Hauge Madsen, P.; Vikkels, A.; Jensen, K.K.; Fathima, K.A.; Unnikrishnan, A.K.; Lakaparampil, Z.V., Power quality and integration of wind farms in weak grids in India. Ris-R-1172(EN) (2000) 65 p. (Full text version downloadable from Risoes webpage http://www.risoe.dk/rispubl/VEA/wind.htm)

 

Conference proceedings and publications (including reports and books)

http://www.risoe.dk/rispubl/VEA/wind.htm

 

Watson, G.M.; Halliday, J.A.; Palutikof, J.P.; Holt, T.; Barthelmie, R.J.; Coelingh, J.P.; Folkerts, L.; Wiegerinck, G.F.M.; Zuylen, E.J. van; Cleijne, J.W.; Hommel, G.C.S., POWER - A methodology for predicting offshore wind energy resources. In: Offshore wind energy in Mediterranean and other European seas: Technology and potential applications. Proceedings. OWEMES 2000. European seminar, Siracusa (IT), 13-15 Apr 2000. (ENEA, Roma, 2000) p. 109-120

 

Barthelmie, R.J., Measurements and modelling of coastal meteorology. In: Offshore wind energy in Mediterranean and other European seas: Technology and potential applications. Proceedings. OWEMES 2000. European seminar, Siracusa (IT), 13-15 Apr 2000. (ENEA, Roma, 2000) p. 45-59

 

Pryor, S.C.; Barthelmie, R.J., Flow characteristics in the coastal zone. In: Offshore wind energy in Mediterranean and other European seas: Technology and potential applications. Proceedings. OWEMES 2000. European seminar, Siracusa (IT), 13-15 Apr 2000. (ENEA, Roma, 2000) p. 29-43

 

Landberg, L., On-line prediction of wind farm power output. In: Conference proceedings (on CD-ROM). WindPower 2000, Palm Springs, CA (US), 30 Apr - 4 May 2000. (American Wind Energy Association, Washington, DC, 2000) 10 p.

 

Lange, B.; Hjstrup, J., The influence of waves on the wind resource in near-shore waters. In: Tagungsband. 5.Deutsche Windenergiekonferenz DEWEK 2000, Wilhelmshaven (DE), 7-8 Jun 2000. (Deutsches Windenergie-Institut GmbH, Wilhelmshaven, 2000) p. 230-233

 

Waldl, H.-P.; Giebel, G., Einfluss des dnischen und des deutschen Wettervorhersagemodells auf die Qualitt einer 48-Stunden-Windleistungsprognose. In: Tagungsband. 5. Deutsche Windenergiekonferenz DEWEK 2000, Wilhelmshaven (DE), 7-8 Jun 2000. (Deutsches Windenergie-Institut GmbH, Wilhelmshaven, 2000) p. 145-148

 

Barthelmie, R.J., Developing a coastal discontinuity model for the power project. In: Wind energy 1999: Wind power comes of age. 21. British Wind Energy Association conference (BWEA 21), Cambridge (GB), 1-3 Sep 1999. Hinson, P. (ed.), (Professional Engineering Publishing, Bury St Edmunds, 2000) p. 403-404

 

Landberg, L.; Joensen, A.; Giebel, G.; Madsen, H.; Nielsen, T.S., Short-term prediction towards the 21st century. In:Wind energy 1999: Wind power comes of age. 21. British Wind Energy Association conference (BWEA 21), Cambridge (GB), 1-3 Sep 1999. Hinson, P. (ed.), (Professional Engineering Publishing, Bury St Edmunds, 2000) p. 371-376

 

Barthelmie, R.J., Monitoring offshore wind and turbulence characteristics in Denmark. In: Wind energy 1999: Wind power comes of age. 21. British Wind Energy Association conference (BWEA 21), Cambridge (GB), 1-3 Sep 1999.Hinson, P. (ed.), (Professional Engineering Publishing, Bury St Edmunds, 2000) p. 311-321

 

Barthelmie, R.J.; Lange, B.; Sempreviva, A.M.; Rathmann, O., Application of WAsP to offshore wind power prediction. In: Wind energy 1999: Wind power comes of age. 21. British Wind Energy Association conference (BWEA 21), Cambridge (GB), 1-3 Sep 1999. Hinson, P. (ed.), (Professional Engineering Publishing, Bury St Edmunds, 2000) p. 301-309

 

Giebel, G.; Landberg, L.; Joensen, A.; Nielsen, T.S.; Madsen, H., Das Zephyr-Projekt - eine neue Phase der Kurzzeitprognose. In: Tagungsband. 5. Deutsche Windenergiekonferenz DEWEK 2000, Wilhelmshaven (DE), 7-8 Jun 2000. (Deutsches Windenergie-Institut GmbH, Wilhelmshaven, 2000) p. 158-161

 

Giebel, G., The value of distributed generation in Europe to utilities. In: Tagungsband. 5. Deutsche Windenergiekonferenz DEWEK 2000, Wilhelmshaven (DE), 7-8 Jun 2000. (Deutsches Windenergie-Institut GmbH, Wilhelmshaven, 2000) p. 140-144

 

Watson, G.M.; Halliday, J.A.; Palutikof, J.P.; Holt, T.; Barthelmie, R.J.; Coelingh, J.P.; Folkerts, L.; Zuylen, E.J. van; Cleijne, J.W., POWER - A methodology for predicting offshore wind energy resources. In: Wind energy 1999: Wind power comes of age. 21. British Wind Energy Association conference (BWEA 21), Cambridge (GB), 1-3 Sep 1999. Hinson, P. (ed.), (Professional Engineering Publishing, Bury St Edmunds, 2000) p. 357-362

 

Astrup, P.; Larsen, S.E.; Rathmann, O.; Hauge Madsen, P.; Hjstrup, J., WAsP engineering - Wind flow modelling over land and sea. In: Wind engineering into the 21. century. Vol. 1. 10. International conference on wind engineering (10. ICWE), Copenhagen (DK), 21-24 Jun 1999. Larsen, A.; Larose, G.L.; Livesey, F.M. (eds.), (A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1999) p. 179-184

 

Landberg, L., Short-term prediction of local wind conditions. In: Wind engineering into the 21. century. Vol. 3. 10. International conference on wind engineering (10. ICWE), Copenhagen (DK), 21-24 Jun 1999. Larsen, A.; Larose, G.L.; Livesey, F.M. (eds.), (A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1999) p. 1997-2003

 

Lange, B.; Hjstrup, J., Estimation of offshore wind resources - The influence of the sea fetch. In: Wind engineering into the 21. century. Vol. 3. 10. International conference on wind engineering (10. ICWE), Copenhagen (DK), 21-24 Jun 1999. Larsen, A.; Larose, G.L.; Livesey, F.M. (eds.), (A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1999) p. 2005-2012

 

Mortensen, N.G.; Landberg, L.; Rathmann, O.; Nielsen, M.; Nielsen, P., A detailed and verified wind resource atlas for Denmark. In: Wind engineering into the 21. century. Vol. 3. 10. International conference on wind engineering (10. ICWE), Copenhagen (DK), 21-24 Jun 1999. Larsen, A.; Larose, G.L.; Livesey, F.M. (eds.), (A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1999) p. 2013-2018

 

Mann, J., Modelling of the spectral velocity tensor in complex terrain. In: Wind engineering into the 21. century. Vol. 1.10. International conference on wind engineering (10. ICWE), Copenhagen (DK), 21-24 Jun 1999. Larsen, A.; Larose, G.L.; Livesey, F.M. (eds.), (A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1999) p. 257-264


1. Offshore Wind Power Potential
2. Cost-ranking
3. Economics
4. Uncertainty in energy yield
5. Research needs
6. Summary
7. References
8. Additional information sources